However, the system can be rebooted into a lower core-count mode which boosts the CPU clock and Turbo Boost speeds. Each of these three CPUs offers the same core count and clock speed as their non-Y counterpart. Intel Speed Select CPUs are indicated with a Y suffix in the model name (e.g., Xeon 6240Y). However, they do not include UPI links and thus can only be installed in systems with a single processor. These CPUs are quite cost-effective for what they offer (a 6200-series CPU for a 5200-series price). The single-socket optimized CPUs are indicated with a U suffix in the model name (e.g., Xeon 6210U). Considering these limitations, the search-, NFV-, and virtualization-optimized models will not be included in our review However, the processor clock and memory clock frequencies are reduced to accomplish this. The virtualization density optimized models provide high CPU core counts within relatively modest power envelopes. Running other workloads on these optimized CPUs will likely lead to CPU throttling, which would be undesirable. In the case of the first two specializations (search and NFV), specific CPU clock frequencies and Turbo Boost speeds are guaranteed only for those specific workloads.

N: network function virtualization (NFV) optimized.

The “Cascade Lake SP” Xeons introduce several new specialized CPU models: Increasingly, we are seeing processors that have been designed with a particular workload in mind. However, this new generation is not simply a revision of the previous models. Platinum models are in a higher price range than HPC groups are typically accustomed to (Platinum tier targets Enterprise workloads, and is priced accordingly). The Silver and Gold models are in the price/performance range familiar to HPC users/architects. Bronze provides modest performance for a low price. Just as in the previous generation, the processor family is divided into four tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. The new “Cascade Lake-SP” processors will be be familiar to existing users. Here, we concentrate primarily on the performance of the processors for HPC & AI applications. With a product this complex, it’s very difficult to cover every aspect of the design.

Integrated hardware-based security mitigations against side-channel attacks.

CPU clock and Turbo Boost speeds optimized for each core count.

Each operating point provides a different number of CPU cores.

Certain processors support three distinct operating points.

Introduction of Intel Speed Select processor models:.

Optional CPUs support up to 4.5TB-per-socket system memory (only available on certain SKUs).

All CPU models support up to 1TB-per-socket system memory.

Large-memory capabilities with Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory.

Support for DDR4 memory speeds up to 2933MHz (up from 2666MHz).

Six-channel memory controller on each CPU.

Memory capacity & performance features:.

Combines three AVX-512 instructions (VPMADDUBSW, VPMADDWD, VPADDD) into a single VPDPBUSD operation.

Intel Deep Learning Boost (VNNI) provides significant, more efficient deep learning inference acceleration.Introduction of new AVX-512 VNNI instruction:.Up to two AVX-512 FMA units per CPU core (depends upon CPU SKU).AVX-512 instructions (up to 16 double-precision FLOPS per cycle per AVX-512 FMA unit).

Continued high performance with the AVX-512 instruction capabilities of the previous generation:.Improved CPU clock speeds (with Turbo Boost up to 4.4GHz).Important features/changes in Xeon Scalable Processor Family “Cascade Lake SP” CPUs include: They remain compatible with the existing workstation and server platforms, but bring incremental performance along with additional capabilities and options. These new CPUs are the second iteration of Intel’s Xeon Processor Scalable Family. These Xeon CPUs have been superseded by the 3rd-generation Intel Xeon ‘Ice Lake SP’ scalable processors.

On February 24, 2020, a set of “Cascade Lake Refresh” Xeon models were released with increased clock speeds and improved cost/performance. “Cascade Lake-SP” processors replace the previous 14nm “Skylake-SP” microarchitecture and are available for sale as of April 2, 2019. This article provides in-depth discussion and analysis of the 14nm Intel Xeon Processor Scalable Family (formerly codenamed “Cascade Lake-SP” or “Cascade Lake Scalable Processor”).

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